![]() That gives oral communication, particularly live interaction, a distinct advantage. ![]() If your listeners are confused, you can ask questions and clarify right away. Many listeners will offer visual cues signaling when they are excited, upset, or perplexed. When speaking to someone face-to-face, you have the advantage of seeking and receiving immediate feedback. Your careful attention to contextual clues will demonstrate that you are clearly considering your audience. You said, “in conclusion,” but did not honor the implied promise these words made. If, however, you then introduce a new point and continue to speak, the audience will perceive an expectancy violation and hold you accountable. Also note that if you say the magic words “in conclusion,” you set in motion a set of expectations that you are about to wrap up. One of the best ways to display respect for your audience is to keep to the expected time in a presentation or length in a document. It’s not just the words, but also how and when people hear them that counts. Internal summaries, which occur within the presentation, combine these uses by telling listeners what they have heard and forecasting what is to come. Summaries can be placed not only at the beginning of a presentation, thus signaling what information is to come, but also at the end of a presentation to remind the audience what they have heard. With this positive strategy, you will be able to forge relationships with audience members from diverse backgrounds.Īnother useful spoken guide for your reader is the summary. Spoken contextual clues are words or short phrases that clarify complex ideas or unfamiliar words, as well as indicate where the speaker is in their talk.įor example, if you are speaking to a general audience and choose to use a professional jargon term that may be understood by many-but not all-of the people in your audience, follow it by a common word or short explanation that clearly conveys its essential meaning. In addition to precise words and clear definitions, contextual clues are important to guide your audience as they listen. Refer to Chapter 2: The Rhetorical Situation for a more general overview of these concepts. This section discusses rhetorical devices as they specifically apply to these forms of technical and professional communication. Just as you consider the different elements of the rhetorical situation when writing and reading texts, these same elements also apply to preparing for oral communication. Rhetorical Devices for Improving Clarity in Oral Communicationĭavid McMurrey Anonymous Matt McKinney Kalani Pattison Nicole Hagstrom-Schmidt and Gia Alexander
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